As an indication that the wing tip light is operating, some wing tips are equipped with a Lucite rod to transmit the light to the leading edge. Wing position lights are located at the center of the tip and are not directly visible from the cockpit. A louver on the top surface of the wingtip allows this warm air to be exhausted overboard. To prevent ice from forming on the leading edge of the wings of large aircraft, hot air from an engine is often channeled through the leading edge from wing root to wing tip. The wing tip cap is secured to the tip with countersunk screws and is secured to the interspar structure at four points with ΒΌ-inch diameter bolts. The wing tip assembly is of aluminum alloy construction. Figure 16 shows a removable wing tip for a large aircraft wing. One reason for this is the vulnerability of the wing tips to damage, especially during ground handling and taxiing. The wing tip is often a removable unit, bolted to the outboard end of the wing panel. The cap strip is usually laminated to the web, especially at the leading edge. It also contains gussets to support the web/cap strip interface. Figure 13C shows a rib with a lighten plywood web. Wings intended for fast, maneuverable, highly-stressed aircraft like fighters tended to be thin and to have an aspect. Continuous gussets are also more easily handled than the many small separate gussets otherwise required. The wings of subsonic airplanes consequently fell into two broad categories. Such a rib can resist the driving force of nails better than the other types. This aids in preventing buckling and helps to obtain better rib/skin joints where nail-gluing is used. A continuous gusset stiffens the cap strip in the plane of the rib. It provides greater support throughout the entire rib with very little additional weight. In Figure 13B, a truss web rib is shown with a continuous gusset. Note that to reinforce the truss, gussets are used. The dark rectangular sections are the front and rear wing spars. In Figure 13A, the cross-section of a wing rib with a truss-type web is illustrated. The rib cap stiffens and strengthens the rib and provides an attaching surface for the wing covering. It is usually made of the same material as the rib itself. Wood ribs have a rib cap or cap strip fastened around the entire perimeter of the rib. Figure 13 shows wood truss web ribs and a lightened plywood web rib.
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